Management of cardiac implantable electronic devices during interventional pulmonology procedures

An increasing number of patients are receiving cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) now. Many of them need pulmonary pro-cedures for various indications including, but not limited to, lung cancer and benign endobronchial lesions. Over the last two decades, interventional pulmonology (IP) has expanded its scope to include various modalities that use heat and electrical energy and in the process, create electromagnetic field in the vicinity. This raises concerns for electromagnetic interference (EMI) causing abnormal behavior in the CIEDs. While guidelines and recommendations on the peri-procedural management of CIEDs do exist, none of them directly address the pulmonary procedures. In this paper, we strive to review the available literature pertaining to the management of CIEDs in the context of EMI caused by the various IP procedures.