Seeing is believing: visualization of pulmonary vein gaps using ultra-high resolution electroanatomic mapping

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Given the increase in the aging population, the prevalence will potentially double in the coming 5 decades (1). Haissaguerre et al. (2) and Chen et al. (3) firstly reported the dominant and pathologic role of pulmonary vein (PV) triggers as being responsible for the arrhythmogenesis of AF.