A case of bronchial artery aneurysm with an esophageal fistula as an extremely rare complication after bronchial arterial embolization

A bronchial artery aneurysm with an esophageal fistula (BAAEF) is an extremely rare and potentially fatal condition. Only three cases of a bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) with hematemesis have been reported previously. Two cases of the pinhole-type were successfully treated with only coil embolization, while one case was lost due to massive bleeding (1-3). Here, we report a case of a BAAEF that developed 3 months after bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) for hemoptysis.