TY - JOUR AU - Cantinotti, Massimiliano AU - Giordano, Raffaele AU - Paterni, Marco AU - Saura, Daniel AU - Scalese, Marco AU - Franchi, Eliana AU - Assanta, Nadia AU - Koestenberg, Martin AU - Dulgheru, Raluca AU - Sugimoto, Tadafumi AU - Bernard, Anne AU - Caballero, Luis AU - Lancellotti, Patrizio PY - 2017 TI - Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values JF - Journal of Thoracic Disease; Vol 9, No 12 (December 29, 2017): Journal of Thoracic Disease Y2 - 2017 KW - N2 - There is a crescent interest on normal adult echocardiographic values and the introduction of new deformation imaging and 3D parameters pose the issue of normative data. A multitude of nomograms has been recently published, however data are often fragmentary, difficult to find, and their strengths/limitations have been never evaluated. Aims: (I) to provide a review of current echocardiographic nomograms; (II) to generate a tool for easy and fast access to these data. A literature search was conducted accessing the National Library of Medicine using the keywords: 2D/3D echocardiography, strain, left/right ventricle, atrial, mitral/tricuspid valve, aorta, reference values/nomograms/normal values. Adding the following keywords, the results were further refined: range/intervals, myocardial velocity, strain rate and speckle tracking. Forty one published studies were included. Our study reveals that for several of 2D/3D parameters sufficient normative data exist, however, a few limitations still persist. For some basic parameters (i.e., mitral/tricuspid/pulmonary valves, great vessels) and for 3D valves data are scarce. There is a lack of studies evaluating ethnic differences. Data have been generally expressed as mean values normalised for gender and age instead of computing models incorporating different variables (age/gender/body sizes) to calculate z scores. To summarize results a software (Echocardio-Normal Values) who automatically calculate range of normality for a broad range of echocardiographic measurements according to age/gender/weight/height, has been generated. We provide an up-to-date and critical review of strengths/limitation of current adult echocardiographic nomograms. Furthermore we generated a software for automatic, easy and fast access to multiple echocardiographic normative data. UR - https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/17722