%0 Journal Article %T Multi-dimensional printing in thoracic surgery: current and future applications %A Kwok, Jackson K. S. %A Lau, Rainbow W. H. %A Zhao, Ze-Rui %A Yu, Peter S. Y. %A Ho, Jacky Y. K. %A Chow, Simon C. Y. %A Wan, Innes Y. P. %A Ng, Calvin S. H. %J Journal of Thoracic Disease %D 2018 %B 2018 %9 %! Multi-dimensional printing in thoracic surgery: current and future applications %K %X Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been gaining much attention in the medical field in recent years. At present, 3D printing most commonly contributes in pre-operative surgical planning of complicated surgery. It is also utilized for producing personalized prosthesis, well demonstrated by the customized rib cage, vertebral body models and customized airway splints. With on-going research and development, it will likely play an increasingly important role across the surgical fields. This article reviews current application of 3D printing in thoracic surgery and also provides a brief overview on the extended and updated use of 3D printing in bioprinting and 4D printing. %U https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/19968 %P S756-S763 %@ 2077-6624