PD1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment for late stage non-small cell lung carcinoma, sometimes…does more harm than good!

Despite the major advances in treatment of lung carcinomas, in particular of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) with immunotherapies, a high number of patients do not benefit from this effective treatment. These patients either do not express a sufficient level of biomarkers of companion or complementary tests [PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden (TMB)] for anti-PD1/PD-L1 treatments, or, do not respond to immunotherapies and even worse have a rapid progression of their tumor.